Healthcare facilities such as hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes present increased risks in the event of a fire, particularly due to the presence of vulnerable patients, flammable products, and a large number of technical rooms. This is why their fire safety is governed by strict and specific rules.
- Public Access Buildings (ERP): Hospitals are classified as type U.
- Amended decree of June 25, 1980: Safety regulations against fire and panic risks in public buildings.
- Public Health Code and Labor Code for staff safety.
🔥 2. Key fire safety obligations
- High-performance fire detection and alarm system (SSI) adapted to the layout of the premises.
- Fire extinguishers and firefighting equipment (fire hose reels, sprinklers, dry risers) located at strategic points.
- Natural or mechanical smoke extraction to limit the spread of smoke.
- Compartmentalization (fire doors, partitions) to limit the spread of fire between departments.
- Safety lighting and evacuation signage visible and operational.
- Mandatory periodic maintenance and inspections of all safety devices.
👩⚕️ 3. Organization and staff
- Presence of a fire safety officer (often an SSIAP 2 or 3 agent).
- Regular staff training in prevention and evacuation (alert drills, use of fire extinguishers, etc.).
- Development of a Security Response Organization Plan (PORS) and a Specific Safety Plan (PPMS).
- Maintenance of safety records.
🚪 4. Evacuation tailored to patients
- Specific evacuation scenarios must be planned for people with reduced mobility, patients in intensive care, or people with disabilities.
- If immediate evacuation is not possible, secure containment areas must be available within the facility.
- Stretchers and evacuation chairs must be available.
✅ Key takeaways
Key element | Status |
Fire alarm system (FAS) | ✅ Mandatory |
Smoke extraction and compartmentalization | ✅ Mandatory |
Staff training | ✅ Mandatory |
Suitable firefighting equipment | ✅ Mandatory |
Evacuation plan and emergency procedures | ✅ Mandatory |
Scenarios for dependent patients | ✅ Essential |
🧠 Good to know:
- A hospital must be able to continue operating partially even in the event of a fire, particularly in operating rooms and intensive care units.
- Coordination with external emergency services (fire department, ambulance service) is essential.
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